AceTheRound
HF InterviewTechnical

Alpha vs. beta

Differentiate skill-based returns from market exposure and how funds target each.

Direct answer

Alpha is excess return from skill; beta is market-driven return. Hedge funds try to isolate alpha while managing beta exposure.

Step-by-step

Walk through the structured answer

1

Define each component

Beta reflects systematic market risk; alpha is return unexplained by beta after adjusting for risk.

2

Measuring alpha

Use regression against a benchmark to separate beta; positive intercept indicates alpha after fees.

3

Portfolio construction

Long/short, factor hedging, and position sizing aim to capture alpha while neutralizing unwanted beta.

4

Use in interviews

Explain how your pitches deliver alpha (variant view) and how you’d manage beta with hedges or pair trades.

Pitfalls to avoid

  • Confusing absolute and risk-adjusted returns.
  • Ignoring factor exposures beyond broad market beta.
  • Overstating alpha without a benchmark or time horizon.

Follow-up angles

  • How would you hedge beta for this specific idea?
  • What factors besides the market would you neutralize?
  • Why can crowded trades erode alpha?
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